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| Extreme close up |
Extreme Close Up
The extreme close up shot is used to reveal very small details in the scene. For example, it may be used to reveal horror in a subject's face. It may show a character screaming, as she or he screams. It might also be used in a romance film to show the emotion on a character's face during an intimate moment between two characters on the screen. It may also be used in a detective/mystery film to show some detail that a detective has picked up on a clue.
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| Close up shot |
This kind of shot is used to reveal detail in a character's face. If you are shooting the character from the shoulders up (shoulders not being shown), this can easily be identified as a close up shot. They are the most commonly used shots in film, as they can be simply used to display emotion in a characters face, but not as much detail as the extreme close up. These shots are used in all genres, whether its in horror films, romantic films or documentary films.
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| Head and shoulder shot |
The head and shoulders shot is used mostly in news broadcasts. If you imagine yourself watching the 10 o'clock news, you will realise that this shot reveals enough detail to see the subject's lips move and the expression on his or her face. I have seen this shot used a lot in James Bond films. Imagine a shot when Bond climbs out of his Aston Martin, and looks around at his surrounding area, wearing his aviators. This shot shows detail on the face of the subject, but shows the background.
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| Bust Shot |
The 'bust shot' shows your subject from above the knees to above the head. It is often used when the subject of the shot is doing something that requires the audience to see some detail. An example of this shot is evident in Saving Private Ryan, when the soldiers are walking across an open field, and Tom Hanks stops to read a map, while looking around at his surroundings. You can see the look on his face, and you can see that he is reading a map, while seeing the background setting.
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| Medium Shot |
The medium shot is from just below the waist to above the head, as you can see from the image on the left. There is more headroom than in the bust shot. This shot is used if the person is animated with their hand movements. This shot is used in many films. For example, if you are watching a thriller film, this shot might show a secret agent walking down a corridor, doing something with his hands as he walks, like pulling out a weapon for example.
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| Medium Long Shot |
In this shot, you can view the subject from the knees up, and you can see the detail of the surrounding setting. With the medium long shot, you can still see expression on the character's face, while taking in the information from what is going around the person. This shot is effective in a film where a character is walking into a new setting. You can see the character walking, you can see the facial expression of the character and you can also pay attention to all the things going on around the character.
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| Long Shot |
This shot is very useful for a character that is walking or moving. In this shot, you can see the whole character, as well as the setting that surrounds them. A classic example of this shot is in the mockumentary film; Borat. When we are introduced to the town where Borat lives, and we are introduced to the people who live there, there is a long shot of Borat walking, being followed by the townspeople, while he speaks about the film you are about to watch. You can focus on him, as well as everything going on around him.
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| Extra Long Shot |
Also known as the establishing shot. This extra long shot gives the viewing audience some perspective as to where the subject is. This is very important if the subject is moving to a new location or a different time period. It lets the viewing audience know where the filming is taking place. As you can see in the image on the left, my mum is in the conservatory, but where? This shot allows us to see the location where the room she is in is located, in a house.
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| Over Shoulder Shot |
The over the shoulder shot reveals one subject as seen from over the shoulder of another subject. It simulates a view of the subject as from a second pair of eyes, which are situated behind the character. This shot is often used in conversations between two people where the director wants to focus on the person speaking. Usually these shots are head shots (close-ups of the speaker). These shots are often used in documentaries when the documentary maker/presenter is having an interview with someone who is related with the documentary question.
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